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Daily work journal4/9/2023 Samuel Pepys (1633–1703) is the earliest diarist who is well known today his diaries, preserved in Magdalene College, Cambridge, were first transcribed and published in 1825. Many diaries of notable figures have been published and form an important element of autobiographical literature. In 1908, the Smythson company created the first featherweight diary, enabling diaries to be carried about. These diaries include records of even less important everyday occurrences together with much reflection, emotional experience and personal impressions. Famous 14th to 16th century Renaissance examples, which appeared much later as books, were the diaries by the Florentines Buonaccorso Pitti and Gregorio Dati and the Venetian Marino Sanuto the Younger. One of the early preserved examples is the anonymous Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris covering the years 1405–1449, giving subjective commentaries on current events. Elizabeth of Schönau, Agnes Blannbekin, and perhaps also, in the lost vernacular account of her visions, Beatrice of Nazareth).įrom the Renaissance on, some individuals wanted not only to record events, as in medieval chronicles and itineraries, but also to put down their own opinions and express their hopes and fears, without any intention to publish these notes. The precursors of the diary in the modern sense include daily notes of medieval mystics, concerned mostly with inward emotions and outward events perceived as spiritually important (e.g. His diary is the earliest known to be arranged in order of date ( ta'rikh in Arabic), very much like modern diaries. The earliest surviving diary of this era which most resembles the modern diary was that of Abu Ali ibn al-Banna in the 11th century. In the medieval Near East, Arabic diaries were written from before the 10th century. Pillowbooks of Japanese court ladies and Asian travel journals offer some aspects of this genre of writing, although they rarely consist exclusively of diurnal records. The oldest extant diaries come from Middle Eastern and East Asian cultures, although the even earlier work To Myself ( Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν), today known as the Meditations, written in Greek by the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius in the second half of the 2nd century AD, already displays many characteristics of a diary. The earliest known book resembling a diary is the Diary of Merer, an ancient Egyptian logbook whose author described the transportation of limestone from Tura to Giza, likely to clad the outside of the Great Pyramid. The earliest recorded use of the word 'diary' to refer to a book in which a daily record was written was in Ben Jonson's comedy Volpone in 1605. The word 'journal' comes from the same root ( diurnus, "of the day") through the Old French jurnal (the modern French for 'day' being jour). The word ' diary' comes from the Latin diarium ("daily allowance," from dies, "day"). those of Ned Rorem, Alan Clark, Tony Benn or Simon Gray) that they are written with eventual publication in mind, with the intention of self-vindication (pre- or posthumous), or simply for profit.īy extension, the term diary is also used to mean a printed publication of a written diary and may also refer to other terms of journal including electronic formats (e.g. In recent years, however, there is internal evidence in some diaries (e.g. Īlthough a diary may provide information for a memoir, autobiography or biography, it is generally written not with the intention of being published as it stands, but for the author's own use. The word " journal" may be sometimes used for "diary," but generally a diary has (or intends to have) daily entries (from the Latin word for 'day'), whereas journal-writing can be less frequent. ![]() Today the term is generally employed for personal diaries, normally intended to remain private or to have a limited circulation amongst friends or relatives. ![]() In British English, the word may also denote a preprinted journal format. Hansard), business ledgers, and military records. Diaries undertaken for institutional purposes play a role in many aspects of human civilization, including government records (e.g. Someone who keeps a diary is known as a diarist. A personal diary may include a person's experiences, thoughts, and/or feelings, excluding comments on current events outside the writer's direct experience. Diaries have traditionally been handwritten but are now also often digital. A facsimile of the original diary of Anne Frank on display in BerlinĪ diary is a written or audiovisual record with discrete entries arranged by date reporting on what has happened over the course of a day or other period.
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